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命令用途

rm（remove）是 Linux/Unix 系统中用于删除文件或目录的命令，可永久移除数据（谨慎使用）。

常用用法示例

  1. 删除单个文件

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    rm file1.txt

    直接删除 file1.txt，不提示确认。

  2. 删除多个文件

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    rm file1.txt file2.log file3.jpg

    一次性删除多个文件，文件名用空格分隔。

  3. 强制删除忽略提示

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    rm -f protected_file

    -f 参数强制删除，忽略不存在的文件或权限错误。

  4. 交互式确认删除

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    rm -i important_doc
    rm: remove regular file 'important_doc'? y

    -i 参数要求用户确认每个删除操作（输入 y 确认）。

  5. 递归删除目录及其内容

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    rm -r dir1/

    -r 参数递归删除目录（需目录非空）。

  6. 删除空目录

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    rm -d empty_dir/

    -d 参数删除空目录（等同 rmdir）。

  7. 显示删除详情

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    rm -v temp.log
    removed 'temp.log'

    -v 参数显示操作详情，便于跟踪删除过程。

  8. 防止误删根目录

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    rm -rf / --no-preserve-root
    （危险操作！可能输出系统错误或导致数据丢失）

    默认禁止删除根目录，但 –no-preserve-root 会覆盖此保护（切勿随意尝试）。

常用参数选项

  • -f, –force
    强制删除，忽略不存在的文件、权限错误及确认提示。
  • -i, –interactive
    交互模式，删除前逐一确认。
  • -r, -R, –recursive
    递归删除目录及其子内容。
  • -d, –dir
    删除空目录（需配合 -r 删除非空目录）。
  • -v, –verbose
    显示操作详情（如删除的文件名）。
  • –preserve-root
    默认保护根目录 /，防止误删（现代系统默认启用）。
  • –no-preserve-root
    禁用根目录保护（极其危险，慎用！）。
  • –one-file-system
    递归删除时跳过不同文件系统的目录（防止误删挂载点）。

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NAME

       rm - remove files or directories

SYNOPSIS

       rm [OPTION]... [FILE]...

DESCRIPTION

       This manual page documents the GNU version of rm.  rm removes each
       specified file.  By default, it does not remove directories.

       If the -I or --interactive=once option is given, and there are
       more than three files or the -r, -R, or --recursive are given,
       then rm prompts the user for whether to proceed with the entire
       operation.  If the response is not affirmative, the entire command
       is aborted.

       Otherwise, if a file is unwritable, standard input is a terminal,
       and the -f or --force option is not given, or the -i or
       --interactive=always option is given, rm prompts the user for
       whether to remove the file.  If the response is not affirmative,
       the file is skipped.

OPTIONS

       Remove (unlink) the FILE(s).

       -f, --force
              ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt

       -i     prompt before every removal

       -I     prompt once before removing more than three files, or when
              removing recursively; less intrusive than -i, while still
              giving protection against most mistakes

       --interactive[=WHEN]
              prompt according to WHEN: never, once (-I), or always (-i);
              without WHEN, prompt always

       --one-file-system
              when removing a hierarchy recursively, skip any directory
              that is on a file system different from that of the
              corresponding command line argument

       --no-preserve-root
              do not treat '/' specially

       --preserve-root[=all]
              do not remove '/' (default); with 'all', reject any command
              line argument on a separate device from its parent

       -r, -R, --recursive
              remove directories and their contents recursively

       -d, --dir
              remove empty directories

       -v, --verbose
              explain what is being done

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
              output version information and exit

       By default, rm does not remove directories.  Use the --recursive
       (-r or -R) option to remove each listed directory, too, along with
       all of its contents.

       Any attempt to remove a file whose last file name component is '.'
       or '..'  is rejected with a diagnostic.

       To remove a file whose name starts with a '-', for example '-foo',
       use one of these commands:

              rm -- -foo

              rm ./-foo

       If you use rm to remove a file, it might be possible to recover
       some of its contents, given sufficient expertise and/or time.  For
       greater assurance that the contents are unrecoverable, consider
       using shred(1).

AUTHOR

       Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, Richard M. Stallman, and
       Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS

       GNU coreutils online help:
       <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
       Report any translation bugs to
       <https://translationproject.org/team/>

COPYRIGHT

       Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  License GPLv3+:
       GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

SEE ALSO

       unlink(1), unlink(2), chattr(1), shred(1)

       Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/rm>
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) rm invocation'

COLOPHON

       This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
       manipulation utilities) project.  Information about the project
       can be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩.  If you
       have a bug report for this manual page, see
       ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩.  This page was obtained
       from the tarball coreutils-9.6.tar.xz fetched from
       ⟨http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/⟩ on 2024-02-02.  If you
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       in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page),
       send a mail to man-pages@man7.org