pidstat命令

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命令用途

pidstat 是一个用于统计进程资源使用情况的 Linux 命令。它可以显示特定进程的 CPU、内存、I/O 等资源使用情况，适用于分析系统性能问题，监控进程行为等。

常用用法示例

1. 显示所有进程的 CPU 使用情况

   pidstat
   Linux 4.15.0-96-generic (hostname) 	02/26/2025 	_x86_64_	(2 CPU)
   12:00:00      UID       PID    %usr %sys %guest %wait %idle CPU
   12:00:01     1000      2384    0.10  0.02    0.00    0.00   99.88   0
   12:00:02     1000      2385    0.12  0.03    0.00    0.00   99.85   1
   ...

   该命令显示了每个进程在各个 CPU 核心上的 CPU 使用情况。

2. 显示每个进程的内存使用情况

   pidstat -r
   12:00:00      UID       PID   minflt/s  majflt/s   VSZ  RSS
   12:00:01     1000      2384     0.05       0.00  12345  1234
   12:00:02     1000      2385     0.04       0.01  12567  5678
   ...

   显示了每个进程的内存页面缺页次数、虚拟内存大小（VSZ）、常驻内存集大小（RSS）等信息。

3. 显示某个特定进程的 CPU 使用情况

   pidstat -p 1234
   12:00:00      UID       PID    %usr %sys %guest %wait %idle CPU
   12:00:01     1000      1234    0.10  0.05    0.00    0.00   99.85   1
   ...

   通过 -p 选项，可以查看 PID 为 1234 的进程的 CPU 使用情况。

4. 按照进程显示每秒的 CPU 使用情况

   pidstat -u 1
   12:00:00      UID       PID    %usr %sys %guest %wait %idle CPU
   12:00:01     1000      2384    0.15  0.02    0.00    0.00   99.83   0
   12:00:02     1000      2385    0.10  0.01    0.00    0.00   99.89   1
   ...

   此命令每秒输出一次 CPU 使用情况，适用于实时监控。

5. 显示指定时间间隔内每个进程的 CPU 使用情况

   pidstat -u 2 5
   12:00:00      UID       PID    %usr %sys %guest %wait %idle CPU
   12:00:02     1000      2384    0.10  0.02    0.00    0.00   99.88   0
   12:00:04     1000      2385    0.12  0.03    0.00    0.00   99.85   1
   ...

   此命令会每 2 秒输出一次，共输出 5 次统计数据。

6. 显示进程的 I/O 使用情况

   pidstat -d
   12:00:00      UID       PID  kB_rd/s kB_wr/s kB_ccwr/s
   12:00:01     1000      2384    0.12    0.34     0.01
   12:00:02     1000      2385    0.15    0.50     0.02
   ...

   通过 -d 选项，查看每个进程的 I/O 读写情况。

7. 显示所有进程的上下文切换情况

   pidstat -w
   12:00:00      UID       PID   cswch/s  nvcswch/s
   12:00:01     1000      2384    0.01      0.02
   12:00:02     1000      2385    0.02      0.03
   ...

   该命令显示了进程的上下文切换（cswch）及其数量（nvcswch）。

8. 显示进程的线程使用情况

   pidstat -t
   12:00:00      UID       PID   TGID   %usr %sys %guest %wait %idle CPU
   12:00:01     1000      2384  2384   0.10  0.02    0.00    0.00   99.88   0
   12:00:02     1000      2385  2385   0.12  0.03    0.00    0.00   99.85   1
   ...

   通过 -t 选项，显示每个进程的线程相关的 CPU 使用情况。

9. 显示内存使用率

   pidstat -r 1
   12:00:00      UID       PID   minflt/s  majflt/s   VSZ   RSS
   12:00:01     1000      2384     0.03       0.01   1234   234
   12:00:02     1000      2385     0.05       0.01   1256   456
   ...

   此命令每秒输出一次每个进程的内存使用情况。

10. 显示进程的 CPU 和内存使用情况

    pidstat -u -r
    12:00:00      UID       PID   %usr %sys %guest %wait %idle CPU   VSZ   RSS
    12:00:01     1000      2384   0.12  0.03    0.00    0.00   99.85 12345  1234
    12:00:02     1000      2385   0.10  0.02    0.00    0.00   99.88 12567  5678
    ...

    使用 -u 和 -r 选项同时显示 CPU 和内存使用情况。

11. 显示特定时间间隔内所有进程的 I/O 使用情况

    pidstat -d 2 5
    12:00:00      UID       PID  kB_rd/s kB_wr/s kB_ccwr/s
    12:00:02     1000      2384    0.12    0.34     0.01
    12:00:04     1000      2385    0.15    0.50     0.02
    ...

    每 2 秒输出一次，共输出 5 次 I/O 使用情况。

12. 显示进程的所有资源使用情况

    pidstat -d -u -r -w
    12:00:00      UID       PID   %usr %sys %guest %wait %idle CPU   VSZ   RSS  kB_rd/s kB_wr/s kB_ccwr/s cswch/s nvcswch/s
    12:00:01     1000      2384   0.10  0.02    0.00    0.00   99.88 12345  1234   0.12    0.34     0.01    0.01      0.02
    12:00:02     1000      2385   0.12  0.03    0.00    0.00   99.85 12567  5678   0.15    0.50     0.02    0.02      0.03
    ...

    该命令结合了多种选项，显示进程的 CPU、内存、I/O 和上下文切换等多个资源的使用情况。

常用参数选项

• -u, –cpu
  显示每个进程的 CPU 使用情况。
• -r, –memory
  显示每个进程的内存使用情况。
• -d, –io
  显示每个进程的 I/O 使用情况。
• -w, –context
  显示每个进程的上下文切换情况。
• -p, –pid
  指定要监控的进程 ID（PID）。
• -t, –threads
  显示进程的线程使用情况。
• -h, –help
  显示帮助信息。
• -V, –version
  显示 pidstat 版本信息。
• -s, –summarize
  按汇总显示统计信息，合并多个进程的资源使用情况。
• -I, –interval
  指定时间间隔，单位为秒，用于每隔一定时间刷新输出。
• -l, –long
  以更详细的格式显示信息，显示更多统计字段。
• -c, –cpu-summary
  显示每个 CPU 核心的使用情况。

原厂文档

NAME
       pidstat - Report statistics for Linux tasks.


SYNOPSIS
       pidstat [ -d ] [ -H ] [ -h ] [ -I ] [ -l ] [ -R ] [ -r ] [ -s ] [ -t ] [
       -U [ username ] ] [ -u ] [ -V ] [ -v ] [ -w ] [ -C comm ] [ -G
       process_name ] [ --dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 } ] [ --human ] [ -o JSON ] [ -p {
       pid[,...]  | SELF | ALL } ] [ -T { TASK | CHILD | ALL } ] [ interval [
       count ] ] [ -e program args ]


DESCRIPTION
       The pidstat command is used for monitoring individual tasks currently
       being managed by the Linux kernel.  It writes to standard output
       activities for every task selected with option -p or for every task
       managed by the Linux kernel if option -p ALL has been used. Not selecting
       any tasks is equivalent to specifying -p ALL but only active tasks (tasks
       with non-zero statistics values) will appear in the report.

       The pidstat command can also be used for monitoring the child processes
       of selected tasks.  Read about option -T below.

       The interval parameter specifies the amount of time in seconds between
       each report.  A value of 0 (or no parameters at all) indicates that tasks
       statistics are to be reported for the time since system startup (boot).
       The count parameter can be specified in conjunction with the interval
       parameter if this one is not set to zero. The value of count determines
       the number of reports generated at interval seconds apart. If the
       interval parameter is specified without the count parameter, the pidstat
       command generates reports continuously.

       You can select information about specific task activities using flags.
       Not specifying any flags selects only CPU activity.


OPTIONS
       -C comm
              Display only tasks whose command name includes the string comm.
              This string can be a regular expression.

       -d     Report I/O statistics (kernels 2.6.20 and later only).  The
              following values may be displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task being
                     monitored.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task being monitored.

              PID    The identification number of the task being monitored.

              kB_rd/s
                     Number of kibibytes the task has caused to be read from
                     disk per second.

              kB_wr/s
                     Number of kibibytes the task has caused, or shall cause to
                     be written to disk per second.

              kB_ccwr/s
                     Number of kibibytes whose writing to disk has been
                     cancelled by the task. This may occur when the task
                     truncates some dirty pagecache. In this case, some IO which
                     another task has been accounted for will not be happening.

              iodelay
                     Block I/O delay of the task being monitored, measured in
                     clock ticks. This metric includes the delays spent waiting
                     for sync block I/O completion and for swapin block I/O
                     completion.

              Command
                     The command name of the task.

       --dec={ 0 | 1 | 2 }
              Specify the number of decimal places to use (0 to 2, default value
              is 2).

       -e program args
              Execute program with given arguments args and monitor it with
              pidstat.  pidstat stops when program terminates.  A non-zero value
              must be specified for the interval parameter.

       -G process_name
              Display only processes whose command name includes the string
              process_name.  This string can be a regular expression. If option
              -t is used together with option -G then the threads belonging to
              that process are also displayed (even if their command name
              doesn't include the string process_name).

       -H     Display timestamp in seconds since the epoch.

       -h     Display all activities horizontally on a single line, with no
              average statistics at the end of the report. This is intended to
              make it easier to be parsed by other programs.

       --human
              Print sizes in human readable format (e.g. 1.0k, 1.2M, etc.)  The
              units displayed with this option supersede any other default units
              (e.g.  kibibytes, sectors...) associated with the metrics.

       -I     In an SMP environment, indicate that tasks CPU usage (as displayed
              by option -u) should be divided by the total number of processors.

       -l     Display the process command name and all its arguments.

       -o JSON
              Display the statistics in JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
              format.  JSON output field order is undefined, and new fields may
              be added in the future.

       -p { pid[,...] | SELF | ALL }
              Select tasks (processes) for which statistics are to be reported.
              pid is the process identification number. The SELF keyword
              indicates that statistics are to be reported for the pidstat
              process itself, whereas the ALL keyword indicates that statistics
              are to be reported for all the tasks managed by the system.

       -R     Report realtime priority and scheduling policy information.  The
              following values may be displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task being
                     monitored.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task being monitored.

              PID    The identification number of the task being monitored.

              prio   The realtime priority of the task being monitored.

              policy The scheduling policy of the task being monitored.

              Command
                     The command name of the task.

       -r     Report page faults and memory utilization.

              When reporting statistics for individual tasks, the following
              values may be displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task being
                     monitored.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task being monitored.

              PID    The identification number of the task being monitored.

              minflt/s
                     Total number of minor faults the task has made per second,
                     those which have not required loading a memory page from
                     disk.

              majflt/s
                     Total number of major faults the task has made per second,
                     those which have required loading a memory page from disk.

              VSZ    Virtual Size: The virtual memory usage of entire task in
                     kibibytes.

              RSS    Resident Set Size: The non-swapped physical memory used by
                     the task in kibibytes.

              %MEM   The tasks's currently used share of available physical
                     memory.

              Command
                     The command name of the task.

              When reporting global statistics for tasks and all their children,
              the following values may be displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task which is
                     being monitored together with its children.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task which is being
                     monitored together with its children.

              PID    The identification number of the task which is being
                     monitored together with its children.

              minflt-nr
                     Total number of minor faults made by the task and all its
                     children, and collected during the interval of time.

              majflt-nr
                     Total number of major faults made by the task and all its
                     children, and collected during the interval of time.

              Command
                     The command name of the task which is being monitored
                     together with its children.

       -s     Report stack utilization.  The following values may be displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task being
                     monitored.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task being monitored.

              PID    The identification number of the task being monitored.

              StkSize
                     The amount of memory in kibibytes reserved for the task as
                     stack, but not necessarily used.

              StkRef The amount of memory in kibibytes used as stack, referenced
                     by the task.

              Command
                     The command name of the task.

       -T { TASK | CHILD | ALL }
              This option specifies what has to be monitored by the pidstat
              command. The TASK keyword indicates that statistics are to be
              reported for individual tasks (this is the default option) whereas
              the CHILD keyword indicates that statistics are to be globally
              reported for the selected tasks and all their children. The ALL
              keyword indicates that statistics are to be reported for
              individual tasks and globally for the selected tasks and their
              children.

              Note: Global statistics for tasks and all their children are not
              available for all options of pidstat.  Also these statistics are
              not necessarily relevant to current time interval: The statistics
              of a child process are collected only when it finishes or it is
              killed.

       -t     Also display statistics for threads associated with selected
              tasks.

              This option adds the following values to the reports:

              TGID   The identification number of the thread group leader.

              TID    The identification number of the thread being monitored.

       -U [ username ]
              Display the real user name of the tasks being monitored instead of
              the UID.  If username is specified, then only tasks belonging to
              the specified user are displayed.

       -u     Report CPU utilization.

              When reporting statistics for individual tasks, the following
              values may be displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task being
                     monitored.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task being monitored.

              PID    The identification number of the task being monitored.

              %usr   Percentage of CPU used by the task while executing at the
                     user level (application), with or without nice priority.
                     Note that this field does NOT include time spent running a
                     virtual processor.

              %system
                     Percentage of CPU used by the task while executing at the
                     system level (kernel).

              %guest Percentage of CPU spent by the task in virtual machine
                     (running a virtual processor).

              %wait  Percentage of CPU spent by the task while waiting to run.

              %CPU   Total percentage of CPU time used by the task. In an SMP
                     environment, the task's CPU usage will be divided by the
                     total number of CPU's if option -I has been entered on the
                     command line.

              CPU    Processor number to which the task is attached.

              Command
                     The command name of the task.

              When reporting global statistics for tasks and all their children,
              the following values may be displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task which is
                     being monitored together with its children.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task which is being
                     monitored together with its children.

              PID    The identification number of the task which is being
                     monitored together with its children.

              usr-ms Total number of milliseconds spent by the task and all its
                     children while executing at the user level (application),
                     with or without nice priority, and collected during the
                     interval of time. Note that this field does NOT include
                     time spent running a virtual processor.

              system-ms
                     Total number of milliseconds spent by the task and all its
                     children while executing at the system level (kernel), and
                     collected during the interval of time.

              guest-ms
                     Total number of milliseconds spent by the task and all its
                     children in virtual machine (running a virtual processor).

              Command
                     The command name of the task which is being monitored
                     together with its children.

       -V     Print version number then exit.

       -v     Report values of some kernel tables. The following values may be
              displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task being
                     monitored.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task being monitored.

              PID    The identification number of the task being monitored.

              threads
                     Number of threads associated with current task.

              fd-nr  Number of file descriptors associated with current task.

              Command
                     The command name of the task.

       -w     Report task switching activity (kernels 2.6.23 and later only).
              The following values may be displayed:

              UID    The real user identification number of the task being
                     monitored.

              USER   The name of the real user owning the task being monitored.

              PID    The identification number of the task being monitored.

              cswch/s
                     Total number of voluntary context switches the task made
                     per second.  A voluntary context switch occurs when a task
                     blocks because it requires a resource that is unavailable.

              nvcswch/s
                     Total number of non voluntary context switches the task
                     made per second.  An involuntary context switch takes place
                     when a task executes for the duration of its time slice and
                     then is forced to relinquish the processor.

              Command
                     The command name of the task.


ENVIRONMENT
       The pidstat command takes into account the following environment
       variables:

       S_COLORS
              By default statistics are displayed in color when the output is
              connected to a terminal.  Use this variable to change the
              settings. Possible values for this variable are never, always or
              auto (the latter is equivalent to the default settings).
              Please note that the color (being red, yellow, or some other
              color) used to display a value is not indicative of any kind of
              issue simply because of the color. It only indicates different
              ranges of values.

       S_COLORS_SGR
              Specify the colors and other attributes used to display statistics
              on the terminal.  Its value is a colon-separated list of
              capabilities that defaults to
              I=32;22:N=34;1:W=35;1:X=31;1:Z=34;22.  Supported capabilities are:

              I=     SGR (Select Graphic Rendition) substring for item values
                     like PID, UID or CPU number.

              N=     SGR substring for non-zero statistics values and for tasks
                     names.

              W= (or M=)
                     SGR substring for percentage values in the range from 75%
                     to 90% (or in the range 10% to 25% depending on the
                     metric's meaning).

              X= (or H=)
                     SGR substring for percentage values greater than or equal
                     to 90% (or lower than or equal to 10% depending on the
                     metric's meaning).

              Z=     SGR substring for zero values and for threads names.

       S_TIME_FORMAT
              If this variable exists and its value is ISO then the current
              locale will be ignored when printing the date in the report
              header. The pidstat command will use the ISO 8601 format (YYYY-MM-
              DD) instead.  The timestamp will also be compliant with ISO 8601
              format.


EXAMPLES
       pidstat 2 5
              Display five reports of CPU statistics for every active task in
              the system at two second intervals.

       pidstat -r -p 1643 2 5
              Display five reports of page faults and memory statistics for PID
              1643 at two second intervals.

       pidstat -C "fox|bird" -r -p ALL
              Display global page faults and memory statistics for all the
              processes whose command name includes the string "fox" or "bird".

       pidstat -T CHILD -r 2 5
              Display five reports of page faults statistics at two second
              intervals for the child processes of all tasks in the system. Only
              child processes with non-zero statistics values are displayed.


BUGS
       /proc filesystem must be mounted for the pidstat command to work.

       Although pidstat displays units corresponding to kilobytes (kB),
       megabytes (MB)..., it actually uses kibibytes (kiB), mebibytes (MiB)...
       A kibibyte is equal to 1024 bytes, and a mebibyte is equal to 1024
       kibibytes.


FILES
       /proc contains various files with system statistics.


AUTHOR
       Sebastien Godard (sysstat <at> orange.fr)


SEE ALSO
       sar(1), top(1), ps(1), mpstat(1), iostat(1), vmstat(8)

       https://github.com/sysstat/sysstat
       https://sysstat.github.io/